Journal article
Hoy N., Forbes M. K., Waszczuk M., Sunderland M., Reppermund S., & Mewton L.
Preprint on Europe PMC, 2025
Preprint on Europe PMC, 2025
Europe PMC
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Cite
APA
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Hoy, N., Forbes, M. K., Waszczuk, M., Sunderland, M., Reppermund, S., & & Mewton L. (2025). Investigating the joint structure and age-invariance of psychopathology and cognition in 112,712 older adults from the UK Biobank. Preprint on Europe PMC. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m2ndt_v1
Chicago/Turabian
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Hoy, N., M. K. Forbes, M. Waszczuk, M. Sunderland, S. Reppermund, and & Mewton L. “Investigating the Joint Structure and Age-Invariance of Psychopathology and Cognition in 112,712 Older Adults from the UK Biobank.” Preprint on Europe PMC (2025).
MLA
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Hoy, N., et al. “Investigating the Joint Structure and Age-Invariance of Psychopathology and Cognition in 112,712 Older Adults from the UK Biobank.” Preprint on Europe PMC, 2025, doi:10.31234/osf.io/m2ndt_v1.
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@article{hoy2025a,
title = {Investigating the joint structure and age-invariance of psychopathology and cognition in 112,712 older adults from the UK Biobank.},
year = {2025},
journal = {Preprint on Europe PMC},
doi = {10.31234/osf.io/m2ndt_v1},
author = {Hoy, N. and Forbes, M. K. and Waszczuk, M. and Sunderland, M. and Reppermund, S. and L., & Mewton}
}
Abstract
Aims: This study examined the joint structure of psychopathology and cognition in older adulthood. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the latent structure of psychopathology and cognition in participants aged 55-78 years old from the UK Biobank (N = 112,712; 44.6% male; M = 65.05 years). We tested four commonly studied CFA models, including: one-factor, correlated-factors, bi-factor, and higher-order models. The best-fitting model was selected based on traditional model-fit indices, model-based reliability estimates, and evaluation of model parameters. After determining the best-fitting model, multigroup CFA was used to examine measurement invariance across four age groups (i.e., 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70-78 years old). Results: A joint higher-order model of psychopathology and cognition was selected as the best-fitting model, including a general higher-order factor and lower-order factors of internalizing, addictions and substance use, thought disorder, and cognitive dysfunction. This model demonstrated acceptable fit to the data (CFI = 0.936; TLI = 0.933; RMSEA = 0.042) and superior reliability of the lower-order factors (H = 0.850-0.974) compared to specific factors of the bi-factor model (H = 0.676-0.924). This model also demonstrated configural, lower-order metric/scalar, and higher-order metric/scalar invariance across age groups (change in CFI values ≤ 0.002). Conclusions: Our results suggest that cognition can be incorporated into the higher-order structure of psychopathology in older adulthood and that the joint structure of psychopathology and cognition is age-invariant from 55 to 78 years old.
Aims: This study examined the joint structure of psychopathology and cognition in older adulthood. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the latent structure of psychopathology and cognition in participants aged 55-78 years old from the UK Biobank (N = 112,712; 44.6% male; M = 65.05 years). We tested four commonly studied CFA models, including: one-factor, correlated-factors, bi-factor, and higher-order models. The best-fitting model was selected based on traditional model-fit indices, model-based reliability estimates, and evaluation of model parameters. After determining the best-fitting model, multigroup CFA was used to examine measurement invariance across four age groups (i.e., 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70-78 years old). Results: A joint higher-order model of psychopathology and cognition was selected as the best-fitting model, including a general higher-order factor and lower-order factors of internalizing, addictions and substance use, thought disorder, and cognitive dysfunction. This model demonstrated acceptable fit to the data (CFI = 0.936; TLI = 0.933; RMSEA = 0.042) and superior reliability of the lower-order factors (H = 0.850-0.974) compared to specific factors of the bi-factor model (H = 0.676-0.924). This model also demonstrated configural, lower-order metric/scalar, and higher-order metric/scalar invariance across age groups (change in CFI values ≤ 0.002). Conclusions: Our results suggest that cognition can be incorporated into the higher-order structure of psychopathology in older adulthood and that the joint structure of psychopathology and cognition is age-invariant from 55 to 78 years old.