Journal article
World Psychiatry, vol. 20(2), Wiley, 2021 May, pp. 171-193
APA
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Krueger, R. F., Hobbs, K. A., Conway, C. C., Dick, D. M., Dretsch, M. N., Eaton, N. R., … Kotov, R. (2021). Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum. World Psychiatry, 20(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20844
Chicago/Turabian
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Krueger, Robert F., Kelsey A. Hobbs, Christopher C. Conway, Danielle M. Dick, Michael N. Dretsch, Nicholas R. Eaton, Miriam K. Forbes, et al. “Validity and Utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing Superspectrum.” World Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (May 2021): 171–193.
MLA
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Krueger, Robert F., et al. “Validity and Utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing Superspectrum.” World Psychiatry, vol. 20, no. 2, Wiley, May 2021, pp. 171–93, doi:10.1002/wps.20844.
BibTeX Click to copy
@article{krueger2021a,
title = {Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum},
year = {2021},
month = may,
issue = {2},
journal = {World Psychiatry},
pages = {171-193},
publisher = {Wiley},
volume = {20},
doi = {10.1002/wps.20844},
author = {Krueger, Robert F. and Hobbs, Kelsey A. and Conway, Christopher C. and Dick, Danielle M. and Dretsch, Michael N. and Eaton, Nicholas R. and Forbes, Miriam K. and Forbush, Kelsie T. and Keyes, Katherine M. and Latzman, Robert D. and Michelini, Giorgia and Patrick, Christopher J. and Sellbom, Martin and Slade, Tim and South, Susan~C. and Sunderland, Matthew and Tackett, Jennifer and Waldman, Irwin and Waszczuk, Monika A. and Wright, Aidan G.C. and Zald, David H. and Watson, David and Kotov, Roman},
month_numeric = {5}
}
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical effort to address limitations of traditional mental disorder diagnoses. These include arbitrary boundaries between disorder and normality, disorder co‐occurrence in the modal case, heterogeneity of presentation within disorders, and instability of diagnosis within patients. This paper reviews the evidence on the validity and utility of the disinhibited externalizing and antagonistic externalizing spectra of HiTOP, which together constitute a broad externalizing superspectrum. These spectra are composed of elements subsumed within a variety of mental disorders described in recent DSM nosologies, including most notably substance use disorders and “Cluster B” personality disorders. The externalizing superspectrum ranges from normative levels of impulse control and self‐assertion, to maladaptive disinhibition and antagonism, to extensive polysubstance involvement and personality psychopathology. A rich literature supports the validity of the externalizing superspectrum, and the disinhibited and antagonistic spectra. This evidence encompasses common genetic influences, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the structure of the phenotypic externalizing superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to disinhibited or antagonistic spectra, and others relevant to the entire externalizing superspectrum, underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared with traditional diagnostic categories, the externalizing superspectrum conceptualization shows improved utility, reliability, explanatory capacity, and clinical applicability. The externalizing superspectrum is one aspect of the general approach to psychopathology offered by HiTOP and can make diagnostic classification more useful in both research and the clinic.