Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum


Journal article


D. Watson, H. Levin-Aspenson, M. Waszczuk, C. Conway, T. Dalgleish, M. Dretsch, N. Eaton, M. Forbes, K. Forbush, Kelsey A. Hobbs, G. Michelini, B. Nelson, M. Sellbom, T. Slade, S. South, M. Sunderland, I. Waldman, M. Witthöft, A. Wright, R. Kotov, R. Krueger
World Psychiatry, vol. 21(1), 2022, pp. 26-54


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APA   Click to copy
Watson, D., Levin-Aspenson, H., Waszczuk, M., Conway, C., Dalgleish, T., Dretsch, M., … Krueger, R. (2022). Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum. World Psychiatry, 21(1), 26–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20943


Chicago/Turabian   Click to copy
Watson, D., H. Levin-Aspenson, M. Waszczuk, C. Conway, T. Dalgleish, M. Dretsch, N. Eaton, et al. “Validity and Utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional Dysfunction Superspectrum.” World Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (2022): 26–54.


MLA   Click to copy
Watson, D., et al. “Validity and Utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional Dysfunction Superspectrum.” World Psychiatry, vol. 21, no. 1, 2022, pp. 26–54, doi:10.1002/wps.20943.


BibTeX   Click to copy

@article{d2022a,
  title = {Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum},
  year = {2022},
  issue = {1},
  journal = {World Psychiatry},
  pages = {26-54},
  volume = {21},
  doi = {10.1002/wps.20943},
  author = {Watson, D. and Levin-Aspenson, H. and Waszczuk, M. and Conway, C. and Dalgleish, T. and Dretsch, M. and Eaton, N. and Forbes, M. and Forbush, K. and Hobbs, Kelsey A. and Michelini, G. and Nelson, B. and Sellbom, M. and Slade, T. and South, S. and Sunderland, M. and Waldman, I. and Witthöft, M. and Wright, A. and Kotov, R. and Krueger, R.}
}

Abstract

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co‐occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic unreliability over time and across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity and utility of the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These spectra are composed of homogeneous symptom and maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed within multiple diagnostic classes, including depressive, anxiety, trauma‐related, eating, bipolar, and somatic symptom disorders, as well as sexual dysfunction and aspects of personality disorders. Dimensions falling within the emotional dysfunction superspectrum are broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive evidence establishes that dimensions falling within the superspectrum share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive and affective difficulties, neural substrates and biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the quantitative structure of the superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to internalizing or somatoform conditions, and others common to both, thereby underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability. Validated measures are currently available to implement the HiTOP system in practice, which can make diagnostic classification more useful, both in research and in the clinic.


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